Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 diabetes. Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Control of blood pressure and maintaining proper foot and eye care are important for people with the disease. Type 2 diabetes may be treated with oral antidiabetic medications, with or without insulin. Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes involves maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco. Type 1 diabetes must be managed with insulin injections. However, women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. In women with gestational diabetes, blood sugar usually returns to normal soon after delivery.
Gestational diabetes is the third main form, and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels. The most common cause is a combination of excessive body weight and insufficient exercise. Type 2 diabetes is more common in older adults, but a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity among children has led to more cases of type 2 diabetes in younger people. This form was previously referred to as "non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" or "adult-onset diabetes". As the disease progresses, a lack of insulin may also develop. Type 2 diabetes begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. Although Type 1 diabetes usually appears during childhood or adolescence, it can also develop in adults. The cause of this autoimmune response is unknown. The loss of beta cells is caused by an autoimmune response. This form was previously referred to as "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" or "juvenile diabetes". Type 1 diabetes results from failure of the pancreas to produce enough insulin due to loss of beta cells. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: Insulin is a hormone which is responsible for helping glucose from food get into cells to be used for energy. ĭiabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes, and cognitive impairment. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many health complications. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased appetite. 
Insulin, anti-diabetic medication like metformin ĭiabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level ( hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time.
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